光声技术显示了在骨组织中识别分子变化和可视化组织微结构方面的潜力。此能力相对于评估骨头而言，不需要电离辐射，比金标准（即双能X射线吸收法）具有显著的优势。相反，光声成像使用光穿透骨，接着产生声压，从而导致深部生物组织中高度敏感的光吸收对比。本综述讨论了与多个与骨相关的光声成像贡献临床应用相关的问题，包括骨癌、关节病理、脊柱疾患、骨质疏松症、与骨相关的手术引导、固化监测以及鞍上和经颅成像问题。我们还介绍了基于光声的技术，用于表征骨的生物力学特性，包括温度、导波、光谱参数以及光谱学。我们根据技术发展的现状、最近的成就以及可能的新方向，展望未来。《生物医学工程年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期预计是2023年6月。有关修改评估的信息，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

Photoacoustic techniques have shown promise in identifying molecular changes in bone tissue and visualizing tissue microstructure. This capability represents significant advantages over gold standards (i.e., dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) for bone evaluation without requiring ionizing radiation. Instead, photoacoustic imaging uses light to penetrate through bone, followed by acoustic pressure generation, resulting in highly sensitive optical absorption contrast in deep biological tissues. This review covers multiple bone-related photoacoustic imaging contributions to clinical applications, spanning bone cancer, joint pathologies, spinal disorders, osteoporosis, bone-related surgical guidance, consolidation monitoring, and transsphenoidal and transcranial imaging. We also present a summary of photoacoustic-based techniques for characterizing biomechanical properties of bone, including temperature, guided waves, spectral parameters, and spectroscopy. We conclude with a future outlook based on the current state of technological developments, recent achievements, and possible new directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 25 is June 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.