当前研究的目的是评估基于18F-FDG PET/CT放射组学特征的诊断表现，用于预测甲状腺偶然增生（TI）中的恶性甲状腺结节（TN）。通过检索PubMed、Cochrane数据库和EMBASE数据库，从索引的最早时间至2022年12月31日，寻找评估18F-FDG PET/CT放射组学特征用于预测TI中恶性TN的研究。我们跨研究确定了敏感性和特异性，计算了阳性和阴性似然比（LR;正、负LR），并估计了汇集曲线下面积。在5个研究（518名患者）中，18F-FDG PET/CT的汇集敏感性为0.77（95%置信区间[CI]，0.67-0.84），汇集特异性为0.67。似然比综合给出总阳性LR为2.3（95% CI，1.5-3.6），总阴性LR为0.35（95% CI，0.26-0.47）。汇集诊断比值为7（95% CI，4-12）。固定效应汇集下的曲线下面积为0.763（95% CI，0.736-0.791），随机效应汇集下的曲线下面积为0.763（95% CI，0.721-0.805）。基于18F-FDG PET/CT放射组学特征显示出良好的诊断表现，用于预测TI中恶性TN。版权所有©2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 保留所有权利。

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features for prediction of malignant thyroid nodules (TNs) in thyroid incidentaloma (TI).PubMed, Cochrane database, and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through December 31, 2022, were searched for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features for prediction of malignant TNs in TI. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs; positive and negative LRs), and estimated pooled area under the curve.Across 5 studies (518 patients), the pooled sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.84), and a pooled specificity was 0.67. Likelihood ratio syntheses gave an overall positive LR of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5-3.6) and negative LR of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.26-0.47). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 7 (95% CI, 4-12). The pooled area under the curve of fixed effects was 0.763 (95% CI, 0.736-0.791), and that of random effects was 0.763 (95% CI, 0.721-0.805).18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features showed a good diagnostic performance for prediction of malignant TNs in TI.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.