单细胞转录组学使得罕见的细胞类型得以被鉴定，同时可以推断状态转换；而空间定位转录组学则可以在组织情境下对细胞和基因进行数量化。近年来，这些新技术的进展促进了我们对于细胞景观及其在疾病中的角色的理解。本文回顾了从单细胞和空间定位转录组学中获取的有关肝脏稳态、发育、再生、慢性肝脏疾病和癌症等方面的重要生物学见解。我们重点概述了关于肝脏细胞图谱的最新进展，包括全面的细胞成分、多样性和功能的表征；空间结构，例如肝区分布、细胞间通讯和接近程度；以及与肝病理相关的细胞身份转换和特定细胞的变化以及新的治疗靶点。我们进一步讨论了突出的挑战、先进的实验技术和计算方法，以帮助解决这些挑战。版权所有 © 2023美国肝脏疾病研究协会。

Single-cell transcriptomics enables the identification of rare cell types and the inference of state transitions, and spatially resolved transcriptomics allows the quantification of cells and genes in the context of tissues. The recent progress in these new technologies is improving our understanding of the cell landscape and its roles in diseases. Here, we review key biological insights into liver homeostasis, development, regeneration, chronic liver disease and cancer obtained from single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics. We highlight recent progress in the liver cell atlas that characterizes the comprehensive cellular composition, diversity and function; the spatial architecture, such as liver zonation, cell communication and proximity; the cell identity conversion and cell-specific alterations that are associated with liver pathology; and new therapeutic targets. We further discuss outstanding challenges, advanced experimental technologies and computational methods helping to address these challenges.Copyright © 2023 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.