在目前标准治疗 (SoC) 进展后，对转移性非鳞 (mNSq) 非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 的治疗选择指导数据有限。我们研究了在 SoC 治疗出现一次或多次疾病进展后的治疗模式和临床结果。在 ConcertAI Patient360 NSCLC 数据库中分析了 2016 年至 2021 年间开始治疗的美国成年人的电子病历，针对有 ≥1 种先前治疗线路和进展 (Cohort 1) 或有可靶向的基因变异证据 (EGFR、ALK 或 ROS1) 的患者进行了单独分析。结果包括实际进展无病生存期 (rwPFS) 和总生存期 (rwOS)。Cohort 1 和 Cohort 2 分别包括 281 和 109 名患者。在 Cohort 1 中，随后的治疗最常见为多西他赛单药治疗 (18.5%) 或多西他赛和拉莫单抗联合治疗 (32.4%)。Cohort 2 中大多数患者接受了包含 (22.9%) 或不包含 (34.9%) 免疫治疗的铂类双药化疗。Cohort 1 的 rwPFS 和 rwOS 中位数分别为 2.9 和 7.2 个月，Cohort 2 的中位数分别为 3.2 和 10.4 个月。无论在 Cohort 1 中多西他赛联合拉莫单抗还是在 Cohort 2 中化疗联合免疫治疗都未与显著的额外生存改善相关联。转移性 mNSq NSCLC 患者最常接受晚期多西他赛治疗，用于无驱动突变的癌症，或用于有驱动突变的癌症后的铂类化疗 (在一种或多种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗线路后) ，符合指南建议。无论随后的治疗如何，中位生存期均较差，强调需要更有效的选择。版权所有 © 2023。由 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Data to guide treatment selection in metastatic nonsquamous (mNSq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on current standard-of-care (SoC) treatment are limited. We investigated patterns of treatment and clinical outcomes following one or more disease progressions on SoC.Electronic medical records in the ConcertAI Patient360 NSCLC database were analyzed for US adults with mNSq NSCLC who initiated treatment between 2016 and 2021. Analyses were conducted separately for patients who had ≥1 prior lines of therapy and progression(s) without (Cohort 1) or with (Cohort 2) evidence of targetable genetic alterations (EGFR, ALK, or ROS1). Outcomes included real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (rwOS).Cohorts 1 and 2 included 281 and 109 patients, respectively. In Cohort 1, subsequent treatment was most often with docetaxel monotherapy (18.5%) or docetaxel + ramucirumab (32.4%). Most patients in Cohort 2 received platinum-based doublet chemotherapy with (22.9%) or without (34.9%) immunotherapy. Median rwPFS and rwOS were 2.9 and 7.2 months, respectively, in Cohort 1, and 3.2 and 10.4 months in Cohort 2. Neither the addition of ramucirumab to docetaxel in Cohort 1 nor the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy in Cohort 2 was associated with a marked improvement in additional survival.Patients with progressive mNSq NSCLC most commonly received later-line docetaxel for cancer without driver mutations, or platinum-based chemotherapy (following one or more lines of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy) for cancer with driver mutations, consistent with guideline recommendations. Median survival was poor regardless of subsequent treatment, highlighting the need for more effective options.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.