在缺乏以人群为基础的筛查的情况下，将肾癌筛查加入肺癌筛查中可能提供一种高效且低资源的手段以改善早期检测。本研究利用英国生物库队列（n = 442,865）确定了约克郡肺癌筛查试验（YLST）资格标准对于选择肾癌筛查对象的性能。我们评估了用于确定肺癌筛查资格的两个广泛使用的模型（PLCO[m2012]和利物浦肺癌项目-v2）以及结合的YLST标准的性能。我们发现肺癌模型对于肾癌的区分度（接收者操作特征曲线下的面积）在0.60至0.68之间。在英国，25%的肾癌病例预计将出现在符合肺癌筛查资格的人群中，每邀请200人进行肺癌筛查将发现一个肾癌病例。这些结果表明，将肾癌筛查加入肺癌筛查将是提高肾癌早期检测率的有效策略。然而，大多数肾癌不会被这种方法检测出来。这项分析没有涉及肾癌筛查的其他重要考虑因素，例如过度诊断。简要介绍：有人提出将肾癌筛查与肺癌筛查结合（均通过胸/腹部计算机断层扫描进行），这将是一种简单且低成本的发现肾癌的方法，当肾癌可以更容易地治疗时，就可以更早地发现。肺癌筛查通常针对高风险人群（例如年龄较大的吸烟者）进行，因此在这里我们看看是否同一人群也处于患肾癌的高风险之中。我们的分析显示，4人中有1人后来被诊断为肾癌，也处于患肺癌的高风险之中；因此，结合筛查计划可以检测出高达四分之一的肾癌病例。版权所有©2023作者。由Elsevier B.V.出版。保留所有权利。

In the absence of population-based screening, addition of screening for kidney cancer to lung cancer screening could provide an efficient and low-resource means to improve early detection. In this study, we used the UK Biobank cohort (n = 442 865) to determine the performance of the Yorkshire Lung Cancer Screening Trial (YLST) eligibility criteria for selecting individuals for kidney cancer screening. We measured the performance of two models widely used to determine eligibility for lung cancer screening (PLCO[m2012] and the Liverpool-Lung-Project-v2) and the performance of the combined YLST criteria. We found that the lung cancer models have discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve) between 0.60 and 0.68 for kidney cancer. In the UK, one in four cases (25%) of kidney cancer cases is expected to occur in those eligible for lung cancer screening, and one case of kidney cancer detected for every 200 people invited to lung cancer screening. These results suggest that adding kidney cancer screening to lung cancer screening would be an effective strategy to improve early detection rates of kidney cancer. However, most kidney cancers would not be picked up by this approach. This analysis does not address other important considerations about kidney cancer screening, such as overdiagnosis. PATIENT SUMMARY: It has been proposed that adding-on kidney cancer screening to lung cancer screening (both carried out by a computed tomography scan of the chest/abdomen) would be an easy and low-cost way of detecting cases of kidney cancer earlier, when these can be treated more easily. Lung cancer screening is usually targeted at people who are at a high risk (eg, older smokers); therefore, here we look at whether the same group of people are also at a high risk of kidney cancer. Our analysis shows that one in four people later diagnosed with kidney cancer are also at a high risk of lung cancer; hence, a combined screening programme could detect up to a quarter of kidney cancers.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.