免疫检查点PD-1及其配体PD-L1导致T细胞耗竭，基线高水平循环可溶性PD-L1表明黑色素瘤和其他实体瘤类型的预后不良。在这里，我们展示了循环可溶性PD-1和PD-L1在免疫检查点阻滞（ICB）过程中的动态变化及其变化与黑色素瘤患者生存相关的回顾性研究。时间点的可溶性PD-L1水平变化高但非PD-1显著增加了死亡率，而可溶性PD-1/PD-L1比率的高变化显著降低了死亡率。初始免疫疗法后，可溶性PD-1和PD-L1都增加了。然而，可溶性PD-L1水平的变化模式特别依赖于患者的生存状况。这些发现表明，随时间变化的循环可溶性PD-L1和PD-1/PD-L1比率变化的大小可能反映患者对ICBs的反应或疾病的进展，并预测接受ICBs治疗的黑色素瘤患者的生存。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier B.V.。保留所有权利。

Immune checkpoint PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 lead to T cell exhaustion, and a high level of circulating soluble PD-L1 at baseline indicates a poor prognosis in melanoma and other solid tumor types. Here we show that the dynamic changes of circulating soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 across the course of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and their changes associate with patient survival in melanoma in a retrospective study. A high change of soluble PD-L1 level at a time-point but not PD-1 significantly increased the mortality, whereas a high change of soluble PD-1/PD-L1 ratio significantly reduced the mortality. After the initial immunotherapy, both soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 increased. However, the change pattern of soluble PD-L1 level was particularly dependent on patients' survival status. These findings indicate that the magnitudes of circulating soluble PD-L1 and PD-1/PD-L1 ratio changes over the time may reflect the patients' response to ICBs or the progression of the disease and predict the survival in melanoma patients treated with ICBs.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.