上消化道肿瘤历史上预后不良。对于食管癌或胃癌的治疗决策，包括手术、放疗、系统治疗或这些治疗方法的组合应该总是进行多学科讨论。免疫疗法的引入已经从根本上改变了多个固体恶性肿瘤的治疗方法。早期和后期临床试验的新兴数据表明，使用针对PD-1/PD-L1等免疫检查点蛋白的免疫治疗，不管是否具有特定的分子特征，如PD-L1表达水平或微卫星不稳定性，都能产生高于晚期、转移性或复发性的食管和胃癌的总生存率。本综述介绍了免疫疗法治疗食管和胃癌领域最新的进展。版权© 2023 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Upper gastrointestinal tract tumors historically have a poor prognosis. The decision to treat esophageal or gastric cancers by surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, or a combination of these treatment modalities should always be discussed multidisciplinary. The introduction of immunotherapy has drastically transformed the treatment landscape of multiple solid malignancies. Emerging data from early and late phase clinical trials suggests that the use of immunotherapies that target immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PD-L1 result in superior overall survival in advanced, metastatic, or recurrent esophageal and gastric cancer, whether or not with specific molecular characteristics such as PD-L1 expression level or microsatellite instability. This review offers an overview of the most recent advances in the field of immunotherapy treatment in esophageal and gastric cancer.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.