真核细胞分为细胞内的多个隔室或细胞器，调节不同的化学和生物过程。非膜细胞器是不含膜的微观细胞隔室，包含蛋白质和RNA分子，执行各种功能。液液相分离可以揭示非膜细胞器通过动态生物分子组装形成的过程。液液相分离要么将不需要的分子从细胞中分离出去，要么将需要的分子在细胞中聚集起来。异常的液液相分离会导致产生异常的生物分子凝聚物(BMCs)，这可能引起癌症。在这里，我们探讨了BMCs形成的复杂机制及其生物物理特性。此外，我们还讨论了与肿瘤发生相关的生物液液相分离的最新发现，包括异常信号和转导、应激颗粒形成、避免生长停滞和基因组不稳定性。我们还讨论了液液相分离在癌症治疗中的治疗意义。了解液液相分离的概念和机制及其在肿瘤发生中的作用对于抗肿瘤治疗策略至关重要。©2023.作者。

Eukaryotic cells are segmented into multiple compartments or organelles within the cell that regulate distinct chemical and biological processes. Membrane-less organelles are membrane-less microscopic cellular compartments that contain protein and RNA molecules that perform a wide range of functions. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) can reveal how membrane-less organelles develop via dynamic biomolecule assembly. LLPS either segregates undesirable molecules from cells or aggregates desired ones in cells. Aberrant LLPS results in the production of abnormal biomolecular condensates (BMCs), which can cause cancer. Here, we explore the intricate mechanisms behind the formation of BMCs and its biophysical properties. Additionally, we discuss recent discoveries related to biological LLPS in tumorigenesis, including aberrant signaling and transduction, stress granule formation, evading growth arrest, and genomic instability. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of LLPS in cancer. Understanding the concept and mechanism of LLPS and its role in tumorigenesis is crucial for antitumor therapeutic strategies.© 2023. The Author(s).