尽管免疫疗法的出现革命了癌症治疗，但不幸的是，它也不能让癌症患者免受可能的免疫相关不良事件 (irAEs) 的影响，其中包括可能涉及外周神经系统的情况。免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) ，如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白-4 (CTLA-4)，程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1 (PD-1)或程序性细胞死亡配体-1 (PD-L1)，可以引起免疫失衡，导致不同的外周神经病变(PNs)。考虑到各种 PNs 的广泛范围及其对癌症患者的安全和生活质量的高影响力以及大规模后市场监测数据库的可用性，我们选择分析欧洲实际情况中自2010年至2020年报告的 ICI相关 PN 的特征。我们分析了欧洲药品监管数据库Eudravigilance收集的数据，并进行了系统性和不成比例分析。在我们的研究中，我们发现了735份报告，描述了766个 PN，发生在接受 ICI 治疗的患者身上。这些PN包括格林-巴利综合征、米勒-菲舍尔综合征、神经炎和慢性炎性脱髓鞘多根神经病。这些ADR通常是严重的，导致患者残疾或住院治疗。此外，我们的不成比例分析揭示了与其他ICIs相比，特索拉唑单抗(atezolizumab)引起 PN 报告频率增加。格林-巴利综合征是与ICIs相关的一种重要潜在 PN，因其对患者安全的重要影响和有不利后果，包括致命后果。继续在实际环境中监测ICIs的安全性是必要的，尤其是考虑到与其他ICIs相比，特索拉唑单抗引起 PN的频率增加。Copyright © 2023 Ruggiero、Balzano、Di Napoli、Fraenza、Pentella、Riccardi、Donniacuo、Tesorone、Danesi、Del Re、Rossi 和 Capuano.

Although the immunotherapy advent has revolutionized cancer treatment, it, unfortunately, does not spare cancer patients from possible immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can also involve the peripheral nervous system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), can induce an immune imbalance and cause different peripheral neuropathies (PNs). Considering the wide range of PNs and their high impact on the safety and quality of life for cancer patients and the availability of large post-marketing surveillance databases, we chose to analyze the characteristics of ICI-related PNs reported as suspected drug reactions from 2010 to 2020 in the European real-world context. We analyzed data collected in the European pharmacovigilance database, Eudravigilance, and conducted a systematic and disproportionality analysis. In our study, we found 735 reports describing 766 PNs occurred in patients treated with ICIs. These PNs included Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller-Fisher syndrome, neuritis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. These ADRs were often serious, resulting in patient disability or hospitalization. Moreover, our disproportionality analysis revealed an increased reporting frequency of PNs with tezolizumab compared to other ICIs. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a notable potential PN related to ICIs, as it is associated with a significant impact on patient safety and has had unfavorable outcomes, including a fatal one. Continued monitoring of the safety profile of ICIs in real-life settings is necessary, especially considering the increased frequency of PNs associated with atezolizumab compared with other ICIs.Copyright © 2023 Ruggiero, Balzano, Di Napoli, Fraenza, Pentella, Riccardi, Donniacuo, Tesorone, Danesi, Del Re, Rossi and Capuano.