原句结构不变：原纤毛是一种不动的、类似于天线的结构，在静止的G0期细胞表面形成。它由从中心粒/基底体聚合的纤毛微管阵列组成。包围原纤毛的质膜称为纤毛膜，含有各种受体和离子通道，通过它们，细胞接收胞外的化学和物理刺激，启动信号转导。一般来说，当细胞接收到增殖信号重新进入细胞周期时，原纤毛会消失。因此，在许多恶性和增殖性肿瘤中无法识别原纤毛。相反，一些癌症，包括基底细胞癌、髓母细胞瘤、胃肠道间质瘤和其他恶性肿瘤，仍然保留其原纤毛。重要的是，报道了Hedgehog、Wnt和Aurora激酶A的原纤毛介导的致癌信号参与了基底细胞癌和某些类型的髓母细胞瘤的肿瘤发生和进展。还证实，胆固醇在纤毛膜中比其余质膜富集得多，以确保Sonic hedgehog信号传导。一系列关于他汀药物（降低胆固醇的药物）的流行病学研究表明，它们可以预防广泛的癌症复发。综上所述，纤毛胆固醇可成为依赖原纤毛的进展性癌症的潜在治疗靶点。Copyright © 2023 Kimura，Morita，Hosoba，Itoh，Yamamoto和Miyamoto。

Primary cilium is a non-motile, antenna-like structure that develops in the quiescent G0 phase-cell surface. It is composed of an array of axonemal microtubules polymerized from the centrosome/basal body. The plasma membrane surrounding the primary cilium, which is called the ciliary membrane, contains a variety of receptors and ion channels, through which the cell receives extracellular chemical and physical stimuli to initiate signal transduction. In general, primary cilia disappear when cells receive the proliferative signals to re-enter the cell cycle. Primary cilia thus cannot be identified in many malignant and proliferative tumors. In contrast, some cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and other malignancies, retain their primary cilia. Importantly, it has been reported that the primary cilia-mediated oncogenic signals of Hedgehog, Wnt, and Aurora kinase A are involved in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of basal cell carcinoma and some types of medulloblastoma. It has also been demonstrated that cholesterol is significantly more enriched in the ciliary membrane than in the rest of the plasma membrane to ensure Sonic hedgehog signaling. A series of epidemiological studies on statin drugs (cholesterol-lowering medication) demonstrated that they prevent recurrence in a wide range of cancers. Taken together, ciliary cholesterol could be a potential therapeutic target in primary cilia-dependent progressive cancers.Copyright © 2023 Kimura, Morita, Hosoba, Itoh, Yamamoto and Miyamoto.