自噬（又称宏自噬）是一个高度保守的代谢过程，通过溶酶体系统降解细胞内功能失调的细胞成分和入侵病原体来调节细胞稳态。此外，自噬会有选择地回收特定的细胞器，如损伤的线粒体（通过线粒体自噬）和脂滴（通过脂质自噬），或者消灭特定的细胞内病原微生物，如乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和冠状病毒（通过病毒自噬）。选择性自噬，尤其是线粒体自噬，在保护肝脏健康生理方面发挥着关键作用，其功能失调与各种肝病的发病机制相关。例如，脂质自噬已成为慢性肝病的防御机制。线粒体自噬和脂质自噬在肝脏病理包括非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）、肝细胞癌（HCC）和药物性肝损伤等方面起着突出的作用。此外，这些选择性自噬路径，包括病毒自噬，正在研究与病毒性肝炎以及最近出现的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关的肝病理。本文简要探讨了不同类型的选择性自噬之间的相互作用及其对肝病的影响。因此，调节选择性自噬（如线粒体自噬）似乎是改善肝病有效的方法。鉴于选择性自噬在肝生理学中的重要性，本文总结了对肝生理和病理中选择性自噬（主要是线粒体自噬和脂质自噬）分子机理和功能的当前理解，以帮助通过操纵选择性自噬寻找针对性的肝疾病治疗干预方案。Copyright © 2023 Alim Al-Bari, Ito, Thomes, Menon, García-Macia, Fadel, Stadlin, Peake, Faris, Eid and Klionsky.

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a highly conserved metabolic process, regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional cytosolic constituents and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system. In addition, autophagy selectively recycles specific organelles such as damaged mitochondria (via mitophagy), and lipid droplets (LDs; via lipophagy) or eliminates specialized intracellular pathogenic microorganisms such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and coronaviruses (via virophagy). Selective autophagy, particularly mitophagy, plays a key role in the preservation of healthy liver physiology, and its dysfunction is connected to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of liver diseases. For example, lipophagy has emerged as a defensive mechanism against chronic liver diseases. There is a prominent role for mitophagy and lipophagy in hepatic pathologies including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, these selective autophagy pathways including virophagy are being investigated in the context of viral hepatitis and, more recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hepatic pathologies. The interplay between diverse types of selective autophagy and its impact on liver diseases is briefly addressed. Thus, modulating selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy) would seem to be effective in improving liver diseases. Considering the prominence of selective autophagy in liver physiology, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functions of selective autophagy (mainly mitophagy and lipophagy) in liver physiology and pathophysiology. This may help in finding therapeutic interventions targeting hepatic diseases via manipulation of selective autophagy.Copyright © 2023 Alim Al-Bari, Ito, Thomes, Menon, García-Macia, Fadel, Stadlin, Peake, Faris, Eid and Klionsky.