背景：呼吸系统疾病是常见和频繁发生的疾病。由于呼吸系统疾病具有高致病性和副作用，寻找新的药物治疗策略是一个热门的研究领域。黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi，SBG）已在中国作为药用植物使用超过2000年。黄芩苷（BA）是从黄芩中提取的一种黄酮类活性成分。已发现BA对呼吸系统疾病具有各种药理作用。然而，没有关于BA在治疗呼吸系统疾病方面效果机制的全面评价。本综述旨在总结BA的当前药代动力学、放置黄芩苷的纳米递送系统及其分子机制、治疗效果和呼吸系统疾病方面的治疗效果。方法： 本综述回顾了PubMed、NCBI和Web of Science等数据库，从其创刊至2022年12月13日将文献与“baicalin”、“Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi”、“COVID-19”、“急性肺损伤”、“肺动脉高压”、“哮喘”、“慢性阻塞性肺疾病”、“肺纤维化”、“肺癌”、“药代动力学”、“脂质体”、“纳米乳化物”、“胶束”、“磷脂复合物”、“固体分散物”、“包含复合物”和其他术语相关的文献进行了回顾。结果：BA的药代动力学主要涉及肠道水解、肠阶糖苷循环、多种代谢途径以及胆汁和尿液排泄。由于BA的生物利用度和溶解度较差，已开发了BA的脂质体、纳米乳化物、胶束、磷脂复合物、固体分散物和包含复合物以提高其生物利用度、肺靶向和溶解度。BA主要通过介导上游氧化应激、炎症、凋亡和免疫反应通路发挥强效作用。它能够调节NF-κB、PI3K/AKT、TGF-β/Smad、Nrf2/HO-1和ERK/GSK3β通路。结论：本综述提供了关于BA的药代动力学、放置黄芩苷的纳米递送系统、治疗效果和潜在药物治理机制在呼吸系统疾病方面的综合信息。现有研究表明BA可能在呼吸系统疾病的治疗方面有极好的可行性，值得进一步调查和开发。版权所有©2023 Song、Ding、Liu、Chen、Zhao、Li、Li、Qi、Chen、Wang、Wang、Ma、Wang、Li和Wang。

Background: Respiratory diseases are common and frequent diseases. Due to the high pathogenicity and side effects of respiratory diseases, the discovery of new strategies for drug treatment is a hot area of research. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) has been used as a medicinal herb in China for over 2000 years. Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid active ingredient extracted from SBG that BA has been found to exert various pharmacological effects against respiratory diseases. However, there is no comprehensive review of the mechanism of the effects of BA in treating respiratory diseases. This review aims to summarize the current pharmacokinetics of BA, baicalin-loaded nano-delivery system, and its molecular mechanisms and therapeutical effects for treating respiratory diseases. Method: This review reviewed databases such as PubMed, NCBI, and Web of Science from their inception to 13 December 2022, in which literature was related to "baicalin", "Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi", "COVID-19", "acute lung injury", "pulmonary arterial hypertension", "asthma", "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "pulmonary fibrosis", "lung cancer", "pharmacokinetics", "liposomes", "nano-emulsions", "micelles", "phospholipid complexes", "solid dispersions", "inclusion complexes", and other terms. Result: The pharmacokinetics of BA involves mainly gastrointestinal hydrolysis, the enteroglycoside cycle, multiple metabolic pathways, and excretion in bile and urine. Due to the poor bioavailability and solubility of BA, liposomes, nano-emulsions, micelles, phospholipid complexes, solid dispersions, and inclusion complexes of BA have been developed to improve its bioavailability, lung targeting, and solubility. BA exerts potent effects mainly by mediating upstream oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and immune response pathways. It regulates are the NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2/HO-1, and ERK/GSK3β pathways. Conclusion: This review presents comprehensive information on BA about pharmacokinetics, baicalin-loaded nano-delivery system, and its therapeutic effects and potential pharmacological mechanisms in respiratory diseases. The available studies suggest that BA has excellent possible treatment of respiratory diseases and is worthy of further investigation and development.Copyright © 2023 Song, Ding, Liu, Chen, Zhao, Li, Li, Qi, Chen, Wang, Wang, Ma, Wang, Li and Wang.