理解脑功能仍具挑战性，因为使用人类和动物模型进行研究受到代偿机制的干扰，而体外模型目前过于简单。随着人类干细胞的出现和脑微物理系统（MPS）的生物工程学的发展，了解认知和长期记忆如何产生现在已经变得更加容易。我们建议将尖端人工智能与MPS研究相结合，开创合成生物智能的器官体智能（OI）。愿景是实现脑MPS中的认知功能，并将其扩展到实现相关的短期和长期记忆能力，作为神经发育和神经功能的最终功能实验模型，以及用于药物和化学试验的基于细胞的测试。通过推动生物计算的前沿，我们的目标是（a）创建智能模型以研究人类认知功能的基础，（b）提供模型以推进寻找导致神经系统疾病的毒素并确定神经疾病的治疗方法，（c）实现相关的生物计算能力以补充传统计算。对脑功能的进一步了解，在某些方面仍然优于今天的超级计算机，可能会使神经形态计算机体系结构的模仿成为可能，甚至可能开辟生物计算的道路以补充硅计算机。与此同时，这也引发了道德问题，例如感知和意识从何时开始，以及干细胞捐赠者与相应的OI系统之间的关系。这些道德讨论对于脑器官模型认知的社会接受度来说非常重要。

Understanding brain function remains challenging as work with human and animal models is complicated by compensatory mechanisms, while in vitro models have been too simple until now. With the advent of human stem cells and the bioengineering of brain microphysiological systems (MPS), understanding how both cognition and long-term memory arise is now coming into reach. We suggest combining cutting-edge AI with MPS research to spearhead organoid intelligence (OI) as synthetic biological intelligence. The vision is to realize cognitive functions in brain MPS and scale them to achieve relevant short- and long-term memory capabilities and basic information processing as the ultimate functional experimental models for neurodevelopment and neurological function and as cell-based assays for drug and chemical testing. By advancing the frontiers of biological computing, we aim to (a) create models of intelligence-in-a-dish to study the basis of human cognitive functions, (b) provide models to advance the search for toxicants contributing to neurological diseases and identify remedies for neurological maladies, and (c) achieve relevant biological computational capacities to complement traditional computing. Increased understanding of brain functionality, in some respects still superior to today's supercomputers, may allow to imitate this in neuromorphic computer architectures or might even open up biological computing to complement silicon computers. At the same time, this raises ethical questions such as where sentience and consciousness start and what the relationship between a stem cell donor and the respective OI system is. Such ethical discussions will be critical for the socially acceptable advance of brain organoid models of cognition.