阴道微生物群的组成已被证明与宫颈疾病有关联。阴道微生物的定殖特点及其与不同宫颈疾病状态（特别是宫颈癌）的关联关系鲜为人知。在这项横断面研究中，我们使用细菌16S DNA测序对不同宫颈疾病状态的女性进行了阴道微生物组学的表征，包括22名NV+（带有人乳头瘤病毒感染的正常组织）、低级别鳞状细胞内皮病变（LSIL，n=45）、高级别鳞状细胞内皮病变（HSIL，n=36）和CC（n=27）。我们选择30名HPV阴性的正常组织女性作为对照组。我们发现，微生物组的多样性随着宫颈疾病的严重程度逐渐降低，特别是L. crispatus的减少与其相关。高-risk HPV16感染与高级别宫颈疾病（即HSIL和CC）中微生物组的多样性和乳酸杆菌（特别是Lactobacillus crispatus）的减少有关。CC组的特征性菌群包括高水平的Fannyhessea vaginale、Prevotella、Bacteroides、Finegoldia、嗜盐菌属、Veillonella、Peptostreptococcus和Dialister。共存网络分析显示，Lactobacillus与其他细菌之间仅存在负相关，几乎所有非乳酸杆菌细菌之间都呈正相关。特别是，在CC女性中观察到了最多样和最复杂的阴道细菌共存网络以及完全丧失的L. crispatus。逻辑回归模型确定了HPV16和Lactobacillus分别为CC的重要危险和保护因素。这些结果表明特定的乳酸杆菌种类（如L. crispatus和L. iners）可用作针对HPV16感染女性和其他高风险HPV感染女性的测试、疫苗接种和治疗措施的重要标志。 ©2023。作者，通过排他性许可证授予韩国微生物学会。

Vaginal microbiome composition was demonstrated to be associated with cervical disease. The colonization characteristics of vaginal microbes and their association with the different cervical disease status, especially cervical cancer (CC), are rarely investigated. In this cross-sectional study, we characterized the vaginal microbiome of women with different status of cervical diseases, including 22 NV + (normal tissue with HPV infection), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, n = 45), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, n = 36) and CC (n = 27) using bacterial 16S DNA sequencing. Thirty HPV-negative women with normal tissue were used as the control group. We found that higher diversity of microbiome with gradual depletion of Lactobacillus, especially L. crispatus, was associated with the severity of cervical disease. High-risk HPV16 infection was associated with higher microbiome diversity and depletion of Lactobacillus in high-grade cervical diseases (i.e. HSIL and CC). The CC group was characterized by higher levels of Fannyhessea vaginae, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Finegoldia, Vibrio, Veillonella, Peptostreptococcus, and Dialister. Co-occurrence network analyses showed that negative correlations were exclusively observed between Lactobacillus and other bacteria, and almost all non-Lactobacillus bacteria were positively correlated with each other. In particular, the most diverse and complex co-occurrence network of vaginal bacteria, as well as a complete loss of L. crispatus, was observed in women with CC. Logistic regression model identified HPV16 and Lactobacillus as significant risk and protective factors for CC, respectively. These results suggest that specific Lactobacillus species (e.g. L. crispatus and L. iners) can be used as important markers to target prevention measures prioritizing HPV16-infected women and other hrHPV-infected women for test, vaccination and treat initiatives.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.