为探索聚焦超声（FU）在治疗高危型人类乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染相关的低级别鳞状上皮内瘤变（LSIL）中的局部免疫效应，评估经FU治疗后颈部可溶性免疫标志物的变化。本前瞻性研究纳入符合纳入标准的35例诊断为HR-HPV感染相关组织学LSIL的患者，并接受FU治疗。作者使用细胞计数法阵列测量了患者的T辅助细胞类型1（Th1）细胞因子（白介素[IL] 2、肿瘤坏死因子和干扰素γ）和Th2细胞因子（IL-4、IL-5、IL-6和IL-10）水平，分别在FU治疗前和FU治疗后3个月的阴道冲洗液中进行测量。经过FU治疗后，Th2细胞因子IL-5和IL-6的浓度显著低于FU治疗前（P=0.044和P=0.028，分别）。27名患者的HR-HPV感染被消除，消除率为77.1％（35例患者中的27例）。FU治疗后具有HR-HPV清除的患者的IL-4浓度显著低于没有HR-HPV清除的患者（P=0.045）。FU可以抑制某些Th2细胞因子的产生，并可能改善宫颈的局部免疫状态，从而消除HR-HPV感染。©2023年国际妇产科联盟。

To evaluate the changes of cervical soluble immune markers after focused ultrasound (FU) treatment to explore the underlying local immune effects of FU in the treatment of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection-related low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).A total of 35 patients diagnosed with HR-HPV infection-related histological LSIL who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this prospective study and treated with FU. The authors used cytometric bead array to measure T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine (interleukin [IL] 2, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon γ) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10) levels in the cervicovaginal lavage of patients before and 3 months after FU treatment.After FU treatment, the concentrations of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-6 were significantly lower than those before FU treatment (P = 0.044 and P = 0.028, respectively). HR-HPV infection was cleared in 27 patients, with a clearance rate of 77.1% (27 of 35). The concentration of IL-4 in patients with HR-HPV clearance after FU treatment was significantly lower than that in patients without HR-HPV clearance (P = 0.045).FU can inhibit the production of certain Th2 cytokines and may improve the local immune status of the cervix, thereby eliminating HR-HPV infection.© 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.