扁桃体神经内分泌癌发病率低，预后差，目前主要通过手术、放疗或联合化疗治疗，但缺乏标准治疗方案。随着索万替尼对外胰腺神经内分泌癌的第三期临床试验结果公布，显示索万替尼在神经内分泌癌治疗中具有潜在优势。据我们所知，还没有关于索万替尼在扁桃体神经内分泌癌应用的报道。我们报道了一名扁桃体大细胞神经内分泌癌患者，在首次确诊时发生远处转移，常规化疗无效，只有通过免疫治疗达到了暂时缓解。后通过转换为索万替尼治疗，获得了长期有效的疾病控制，没有出现严重不良反应。因此，我们认为索万替尼是扁桃体神经内分泌癌的重要替代治疗方案之一。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd.

Tonsillar neuroendocrine carcinoma has low incidence and poor prognosis, there is no standard treatment which is mainly by surgery, radiotherapy, or combined with chemotherapy. With announcement of the results of phase III clinical trials of sovantinib in extrapancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, sovantinib has shown potential in the treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma. To our knowledge, there are no reports about the application of sovantinib in tonsillar neuroendocrine carcinoma. We reported a patient with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of tonsil, who had developed distant metastasis at the first diagnosis and was not effective after routine chemotherapy; and only temporary remission was achieved with the use of immunotherapy. Then with the subsequent change to sovantinib, long-term disease control without serious adverse reactions was achieved. Therefore, we propose that sovantinib is one of the important alternative treatments for advanced tonsillar neuroendocrine carcinoma.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.