本研究旨在评估波兰中部非受控垃圾储存区空气、土壤和渗滤液中的微生物和化学污染。该研究包括微生物数量分析（培养方法）、内毒素浓度分析（气相色谱-质谱法）、重金属水平分析（原子吸收光谱法）、元素特性分析（元素分析仪）、对A-549（人类肺脏）和Caco-2（人类结肠腺癌）细胞系的细胞毒性评估（PrestoBlue™测试）和有毒化合物鉴定（超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间超高分辨率质谱法）。微生物污染因垃圾堆和被测试的微生物群体而异。细菌数量为：4.3×102-1.8×103 nullCFUnullm-3（空气）；1.1×103-1.2×106 nullCFUnullmL-1（渗滤液）；1.0×106 nullCFUnullg-1 - 3.9×106 nullCFUnullg-1（土壤）。相应地，真菌数量为：2.2×102-4.6×102 nullCFUnullm-3；1.8×102-3.9×103 nullCFUnullg-1。金属水平（Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn、Al、Hg、Cd、Cu、Cr）高于对照样本，但平均浓度未超出允许标准。土壤和渗滤液样品的细胞毒性取决于垃圾堆、样品和被测试的细胞系。渗滤液比土壤提取物更具细胞毒性。发现了属于杀虫剂、表面活性剂和杀菌剂、化学物质和/或聚合物降解产物、药物和驱虫剂的化合物。在空气、土壤和渗滤液中检测到潜在的病原体，有毒化合物的存在以及确认渗滤液和土壤对人类细胞系的细胞毒性效应，说明有必要进一步研究非法垃圾堆所带来的风险。这些研究应旨在开发一个统一的评估方法和一种减少污染物在环境中传播的风险的方法，包括有害生物的传播。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc.

This study focused on assessing the microbiological and chemical contamination of air, soil and leachate in uncontrolled refuse storage areas in central Poland. The research included an analysis of the number of microorganisms (culture method), endotoxin concentration (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), heavy metals level (atomic absorption spectrometry), elemental characteristics (elemental analyser), cytotoxicity assessment against A-549 (human lung) and Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cell lines (PrestoBlue™ test) and toxic compound identification (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry). Microbial contamination differed depending on the dump and the group of tested microorganisms. The number of bacteria was: 4.3 × 102-1.8 × 103nullCFUnullm-3 (air); 1.1 × 103 CFU-1.2 × 106nullCFUnullmL-1 (leachate); 1.0 × 106nullCFUnullg-1 - 3.9 × 106nullCFUnullg-1 (soil). Respectively, the number of fungi was: 2.2 × 102-4.6 × 102nullCFUnullm-3; 1.8 × 102-3.9 × 103nullCFUnullg-1. Metal levels (Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Al, Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr) were higher than in the control sample; however, the average concentrations did not exceed the permissible standards. The cytotoxicity of soil and leachate samples depended on the dump, sample and cell line tested. The leachates were more cytotoxic than soil extracts. Compounds belonging to pesticides, surfactants and biocides, chemicals and/or polymer degradation products, medicinal drugs and insect repellents were found. The detection of potential pathogens in the air, soil and leachate, the presence of toxic compounds and the confirmation of the cytotoxic effect of leachate and soil on human cell lines justify the need for further research on the risks posed by illegal dumps. These studies should aim at developing a unified assessment method and a method to minimise the risk of contaminants spreading in the environment, including harmful biological agents.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.