肠道微生物群落组成及其相关的生物活性对各种调节因素非常敏感，如压力、炎症、年龄、生活方式和营养等，这些因素又与癌症易感性有关。在这些调节因素中，饮食已被证明既影响微生物群落的组成又是影响免疫、神经和内分泌系统的微生物来源化合物的重要来源。因此，在考虑饮食对健康和疾病的影响时，必须采取整体观点。在本文中，我们通过剖析饮食的关键组成部分并利用人类干预和临床前研究的数据来更好地理解西方饮食、微生物群落和癌症发展之间的相互作用。我们强调了该领域研究的关键进展，同时也强调了其局限性。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd。

The intestinal microbiota composition and associated bioactivities are sensitive to various modifier cues such as stress, inflammation, age, life-style and nutrition, which in turn are associated with susceptibility to developing cancer. Among these modifiers, diet has been shown to influence both microbiota composition as well as being an important source of microbial-derived compounds impacting the immunological, neurological and hormonal systems. Thus, it is necessary to take a holistic view when considering effect of diet on health and diseases. In this review, we focus on the interplay between western diet, the microbiota and cancer development by dissecting key components of the diet and leveraging data from human interventions and pre-clinical studies to better understand this relationship. We highlight key progress as well as stressing limitations in this field of research.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.