长链非编码RNA (lncRNA) 据报道在人类癌症发展中发挥着重要的基因调控和恶性进程调节作用。lncRNA JPX 是 X 染色体失活的新型分子开关，不同表达的 JPX 在数种癌症中显示出一定的临床相关性。值得注意的是，JPX 参与了癌症的生长、转移和化疗抗性，通过作为微小RNA的竞争性内源RNA、与蛋白质相互作用和调节某些特定的信号通路。此外，JPX 可能作为癌症诊断、预后和治疗的潜在生物标记物和治疗靶点。本文总结了我们目前对 JPX 在恶性癌症进程中的结构、表达和功能的了解，讨论了其分子机制和在癌症生物学和医学中的潜在应用。版权 © 2023 中国医师协会，由 Wolters Kluwer, Inc. 在 CC-BY-NC-ND 许可下制作。

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reportedly function as important modulators of gene regulation and malignant processes in the development of human cancers. The lncRNA JPX is a novel molecular switch for X chromosome inactivation and differentially expressed JPX has exhibited certain clinical correlations in several cancers. Notably, JPX participates in cancer growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance, by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA, interacting with proteins, and regulating some specific signaling pathways. Moreover, JPX may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. The present article summarizes our current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of JPX in malignant cancer processes and discusses its molecular mechanisms and potential applications in cancer biology and medicine.Copyright © 2023 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.