利用病人的免疫系统控制肿瘤是治疗癌症的有效途径。T细胞疗法和针对感兴趣的特定抗原的治疗性疫苗被探索作为免疫检查点阻滞治疗的辅助手段。对于这些疗法，选择最适合的抗原是至关重要的。到目前为止，大多数关注的焦点是从肿瘤特异性体细胞突变中产生的新抗原。虽然有清晰的证据表明，对突变的新抗原进行T细胞应答是有保护作用的，但其中大多数突变不具有免疫原性。此外，大多数体细胞突变是每个病人独特的，其靶向需要开发个性化的方法。因此，需要新的抗原类型来扩大此类治疗的范围。我们回顾了发现新的肿瘤抗原的高通量方法以及与其检测相关的关键挑战，并讨论在选择临床治疗的肿瘤抗原时的考虑因素。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd.

Harnessing the patient's immune system to control a tumor is a proven avenue for cancer therapy. T cell therapies as well as therapeutic vaccines, which target specific antigens of interest, are being explored as treatments in conjunction with immune checkpoint blockade. For these therapies, selecting the best suited antigens is crucial. Most of the focus has thus far been on neoantigens that arise from tumor-specific somatic mutations. Although there is clear evidence that T-cell responses against mutated neoantigens are protective, the large majority of these mutations are not immunogenic. In addition, most somatic mutations are unique to each individual patient and their targeting requires the development of individualized approaches. Therefore, novel antigen types are needed to broaden the scope of such treatments. We review high throughput approaches for discovering novel tumor antigens and some of the key challenges associated with their detection, and discuss considerations when selecting tumor antigens to target in the clinic.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.