纳米药物与传统药物相比，能够有效地穿透肿瘤部位。但仍存在有效药物无法到达肿瘤内部的问题。本文基于对复杂肿瘤微环境的研究，总结了限制纳米药物穿透肿瘤的障碍。穿透障碍主要是由于肿瘤血管、基质和细胞异常所引起的。修复肿瘤血管和肿瘤基质的异常以及调节纳米颗粒的物理化学性质被视为提高纳米药物穿透肿瘤的有前途的策略。此外，本文还对纳米颗粒的大小、形状和表面电荷等性质对肿瘤穿透的影响进行了综述。我们希望为纳米药物提供研究思路和科学基础，以增加肿瘤内部的渗透性并改善抗肿瘤效果。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Nanomedicines can effectively penetrate tumor sites compared to traditionally used drugs. However, effective drugs that reach the interior of tumors remain limited. Based on studies of the complex tumor microenvironment, we summarized the barriers restricting tumor penetration of nanomedicines in this review. Penetration barriers are mainly caused by tumor blood vessels, stroma, and cell abnormalities. The repair of abnormal tumor blood vessels and tumor stroma and adjusting the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are considered promising strategies to improve the tumor permeation of nanomedicines. The effects of nanoparticle properties, including size, shape, and surface charge, on tumor penetration were also reviewed. We expect to provide research ideas and a scientific basis for nanomedicines to increase intratumoral permeability and improve anti-tumor effects.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.