免疫肿瘤治疗革命性地改变了2015年美国FDA批准免疫治疗以来转移性非小细胞肺癌（mNSCLC）的治疗方式。尽管有所进展，患者的预后仍有进一步改善的空间。组合疗法已显示出克服耐药性和改善预后的希望。本文重点介绍目前基于免疫治疗的组合方法、已报告的和正在进行的试验、以及新的组合策略、挑战和mNSCLC治疗的未来方向。我们总结了与化疗、新型免疫检查点、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和其他策略包括疫苗和放射治疗相结合的方法。通过识别正确的患者、正确的组合剂量和正确的时间来实现个体化免疫治疗的最终目标，以理解耐药性和设计评估新疗法的多臂平台试验的生物标记物驱动研究变得越来越重要。版权所有©2023作者。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

Immuno-oncology has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) since the approval of immunotherapy by the U.S. FDA in 2015. Despite the advancements, outcomes for patients have room for further improvement. Combination therapies have shown promise in overcoming resistance and improving outcomes. This review focuses on current immunotherapy-based combination approaches, reported and ongoing trials, as well as novel combination strategies, challenges, and future directions for mNSCLC treatment. We summarize approaches in combination with chemotherapy, novel immune checkpoints, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other strategies including vaccines, and radiation therapy. The promise of biomarker-driven studies to understand resistance and design multi-arm platform trials that evaluate novel therapies is becoming of increasing relevance with the ultimate goal of administering precision immunotherapy by identifying the right dose of the right combination for the right patient at the right time.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.