上皮性卵巢癌（EOC）研究变得更加复杂，因为研究人员试图充分了解转移过程。特别是当我们深入研究肿瘤休眠的概念时，其中细胞在疾病进展期间在增殖和休眠状态之间转换以生存。因此，用于进行这种研究的体外模型需要反映这种广泛的生物复杂性。许多三维（3D）球形模型背后的创新已经得到改进，以便轻松产生可重复的球体，以便我们可以了解细胞在转移过程中的各种分子信号变化并确定治疗的疗效。然后，这种创新被用于开发3D体外患者来源的器官体模型，以及多种共培养模型系统进行EOC研究。尽管如此，研究人员需要继续推动这些当前模型的边界，以便未来进行体外甚至体内的工作。在本回顾中，我们描述了已经使用的3D模型，这些模型可以进一步发展，以及如何使用这些模型获得有关EOC发病机制和发现新的靶向治疗方法的最多知识。 ©2023.作者（们）。

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) research has become more complex as researchers try to fully understand the metastatic process. Especially as we delve into the concept of tumour dormancy, where cells transition between proliferative and dormant states to survive during disease progression. Thus, the in vitro models used to conduct this research need to reflect this vast biological complexity. The innovation behind the many three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models has been refined to easily generate reproducible spheroids so that we may understand the various molecular signaling changes of cells during metastasis and determine therapeutic efficacy of treatments. This ingenuity was then used to develop the 3D ex vivo patient-derived organoid model, as well as multiple co-culture model systems for EOC research. Although, researchers need to continue to push the boundaries of these current models for in vitro and even in vivo work in the future. In this review, we describe the 3D models already in use, where these models can be developed further and how we can use these models to gain the most knowledge on EOC pathogenesis and discover new targeted therapies.© 2023. The Author(s).