胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤罕见，近年来由于改善了检测这些病变的诊断方法，患病率有所增加。这些肿瘤预后较差，尤其是在晚期检测到时。治疗的基础是切除术，非手术治疗也是治疗过程中的标准。就更稀有的生殖道神经内分泌肿瘤情况类似，这些肿瘤的预后同样不佳。本文侧重于学习增加疾病风险的危险因素（包括遗传基因突变）以及比较非手术治疗的有效性-化疗、放疗、肽受体放射核素治疗、生长抑素类似物和免疫治疗。这些治疗的疗效各不相同，免疫治疗看起来是一种有前途的治疗方式，但这需要进一步研究。

Neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract are rare. The incidence has increased in recent years due to improvements in diagnostic methods for detecting these lesions. These tumours have a poor prognosis, especially when detected at an advanced stage. The basis of the treatment is resection, and non-surgical treatments are also standard in the treatment process. The situation is similar in even rarer neuroendocrine tumours of the reproductive tract, which are associated with an equally poor prognosis. In this article, we focus on learning about the risk factors (including genetic mutations) that increase the risk of the disease and comparing the effectiveness of non-surgical treatments-chemotherapy, radiotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, somatostatin analogues, and immunotherapy. The efficacy of these treatments varies, and immunotherapy appears to be a promising form of treatment; however, this requires further research.