本文总结了2022年排除COVID-19后被识别为POEMs（患者相关明显证据）的前20项研究。原句结构保持不变。一级预防心血管疾病的他汀制剂仅可使人死亡率、心肌梗死率和中风率分别减少0.6%、0.7%和0.3%；补充维生素D即使是在低基础维生素D水平或之前有骨折的人中也不能减少脆性骨折的风险；选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂是惊恐症的优选医疗治疗，而停用抗抑郁药的患者相比继续使用的患者更容易复发（需要损害值=6）；使用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺再摄取抑制剂或三环类抗抑郁药与米氮平或曲唑酮的联合疗法比单一治疗更有效，适用于急性重度抑郁的一线治疗和单一治疗失败的情况；成人使用催眠剂治疗失眠存在明显的有效性和耐受性之间的权衡；对于中度至重度哮喘患者，使用阿尔布特罗和糖皮质激素吸入剂的联合治疗可降低加重的发作和需要全身性类固醇治疗的需求；观察研究表明，服用质子泵抑制剂的患者患胃癌的风险增加（需要损害值=1,191，持续10年）；美国胃肠病学院修订了其胃食管反流病指南，新指南为肠易激综合症的评估和治疗提供了有意义的建议；60岁以上的糖尿病前期成年人更可能变成正常血糖状态而不是发展为糖尿病或死亡；通过密集的生活方式干预或用二甲双胍治疗糖尿病前期对长期心血管结局没有影响；疼痛性糖尿病性周围神经病患者采用阿米替林、度洛西汀或普瑞巴林的单一治疗程度改善相似，联合治疗程度改善更大；与使用词语估算概率相比，大多数患者更喜欢使用数字与患者沟通疾病风险；在药物治疗方面，开始使用烟碱受体拮抗剂的处方持续时间应为12周；许多药物可以与大麻二酚相互作用；在成人的急性非神经根性下背痛治疗中，吡罗考酮、卡托考酮和双氯芬酸之间没有重要的差异。

This article summarizes the top 20 research studies of 2022 identified as POEMs (patient-oriented evidence that matters), excluding COVID-19. Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease produce only a small absolute reduction in a person's likelihood of dying (0.6%), having a myocardial infarction (0.7%), or having a stroke (0.3%) over three to six years. Supplemental vitamin D does not reduce the risk of a fragility fracture, even in people with low baseline vitamin D levels or a previous fracture. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are preferred medical therapy for panic disorder, and patients who discontinue antidepressants are more likely to relapse (number needed to harm = 6) compared with those who continue. Combination therapy using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, or tricyclic antidepressant with mirtazapine or trazodone is more effective than monotherapy for first-line treatment of acute severe depression and when monotherapy fails. Using hypnotic agents for insomnia in adults comes with a significant trade-off between effectiveness and tolerability. In patients with moderate to severe asthma, using a combination of albuterol and glucocorticoid inhalers as rescue therapy reduces exacerbations and need for systemic steroids. Observational research shows an increased risk of gastric cancer in patients taking proton pump inhibitors (number needed to harm = 1,191 over 10 years). The American College of Gastroenterology updated its guideline for gastroesophageal reflux disease, and a new guideline provides sound advice for the evaluation and management of irritable bowel syndrome. Adults older than 60 years with prediabetes are more likely to become normoglycemic than to develop diabetes mellitus or die. Treatment of prediabetes via intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin has no impact on long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Persons with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy have similar degrees of improvement with monotherapy using amitriptyline, duloxetine, or pregabalin and greater improvement with combination therapy. When communicating with patients about disease risk, most patients prefer numbers over words because people overestimate word-based probabilities. In terms of drug therapy, the duration of an initial varenicline prescription should be 12 weeks. Many drugs can interact with cannabidiol. No important difference was found among ibuprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac for treatment of acute nonradicular low back pain in adults.