含有PdCu@GO的工业产品可能会进入水产养殖环境，对生物体产生危险影响。本研究探讨了不同浓度（50、100、250、500和1000μg/L）的PdCu@GO对斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性的影响。结果显示，PdCu@GO会降低孵化率和存活率，引起剂量依赖性心脏畸形。反应性氧类（ROS）和细胞凋亡也会呈现剂量依赖性，且纳米Pd暴露对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性产生影响。马拉酮醛 (MDA)水平的增加以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平的下降表明有氧应激现象，而PdCu@GO浓度升高导致的这种现象尤为明显。研究结果显示，氧化应激刺激与PdCu@GO浓度升高引起的斑马鱼细胞凋亡（卡斯帕泊肽酶-3）和DNA损伤（8-OHdG）有关。ROS的刺激、炎症细胞因子、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）等信号分子的诱导会引起斑马鱼免疫毒性。然而，氧化应激引起的ROS升高还会通过诱导核因子E2相关因子2水平（Nrf-2）、NF-κB及凋亡信号途径诱发畸形。综上所述，本研究通过探究PdCu@GO对斑马鱼胚胎发育影响和潜在的分子机制，对PdCu@GO的毒理学特性进行了全面评估。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发表。

Industrial products containing PdCu@GO can gain access to the aquaculture environment, causing dangerous effects on living biota. In this study, the developmental toxicity of zebrafish treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/L) of PdCu@GO was investigated. The findings showed that PdCu@GO administration decreased the hatchability and survival rate, caused dose-dependent cardiac malformation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity affected by nano-Pd exposure. As evidence for oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) level decreased due to the increase in PdCu@GO concentration. Our research, it was determined that the oxidative stress stimulated by the increase in the concentration of PdCu@GO in zebrafish caused apoptosis (Caspase-3) and DNA damage (8-OHdG). Stimulation of ROS, inflammatory cytokines, tumor Necrosis Factor Alfa (TNF-α) and interleukin - 6 (IL-6), which act as signaling molecules to trigger proinflammatory cytokine production, induced zebrafish immunotoxicity. However, it was determined that the increase of ROS induced teratogenicity through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 level (Nrf-2), NF-κB and apoptotic signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress. Taken together with the research findings, the study contributed to a comprehensive assessment of the toxicological profile of PdCu@GO by investigating the effects on zebrafish embryonic development and potential molecular mechanisms.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.