多数癌症相关死亡是由于转移，然而我们对转移作为不断演变、异质性、系统性疾病的认识和有效治疗的方法仍在不断发展。 转移需要获得一系列特征来传播、在不同程度上进入和退出休眠，并在远端器官定植。 这些事件的成功是由克隆选择推动的，转移细胞具有动态转换成不同状态的潜力，以及利用免疫环境的能力。 在此，我们回顾了转移的主要原则，并强调了开发更有效的转移性癌症治疗的新机遇。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc.

Most cancer-associated deaths occur due to metastasis, yet our understanding of metastasis as an evolving, heterogeneous, systemic disease and of how to effectively treat it is still emerging. Metastasis requires the acquisition of a succession of traits to disseminate, variably enter and exit dormancy, and colonize distant organs. The success of these events is driven by clonal selection, the potential of metastatic cells to dynamically transition into distinct states, and their ability to co-opt the immune environment. Here, we review the main principles of metastasis and highlight emerging opportunities to develop more effective therapies for metastatic cancer.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.