神经系统在本体发育和肿瘤学方面都起着支配作用。神经系统通过调节发育期的器官生成、维持体内平衡和促进细胞可塑性，同时在调节肿瘤方面也扮演重要的角色。基础性研究揭示了神经元和癌细胞之间的直接旁分泌和电化学通信，以及在广泛的恶性肿瘤中，神经元通过影响免疫系统和肿瘤微环境中的基质细胞间接作用。神经系统 - 癌症的相互作用可以调节肿瘤发生、生长、侵袭和转移、治疗抵抗、刺激促进肿瘤的炎症，以及损害抗癌免疫。癌症神经科学的进展可能成为癌症治疗的重要新支柱。版权所有 © 2023 The Author(s)，Elsevier Inc.发表，保留所有权利。

The nervous system governs both ontogeny and oncology. Regulating organogenesis during development, maintaining homeostasis, and promoting plasticity throughout life, the nervous system plays parallel roles in the regulation of cancers. Foundational discoveries have elucidated direct paracrine and electrochemical communication between neurons and cancer cells, as well as indirect interactions through neural effects on the immune system and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment in a wide range of malignancies. Nervous system-cancer interactions can regulate oncogenesis, growth, invasion and metastatic spread, treatment resistance, stimulation of tumor-promoting inflammation, and impairment of anti-cancer immunity. Progress in cancer neuroscience may create an important new pillar of cancer therapy.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.