患者来源器官样本（PDO）是一种新的生物医学研究模型，能够重构原始组织的表型和遗传特征，并且有助于关于病理发生和药物筛选的研究。为了介绍该领域的进展，我们回顾了构建来自上皮组织和癌症的器官样本的关键因素，涵盖了培养基和基质、形态特征、遗传特征、高通量药物筛选以及应用潜力。我们还讨论了癌症器官样本与肿瘤微环境（TME）相关细胞的共培养系统。共培养系统广泛用于评估癌细胞与TME组分的相互作用，例如成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、免疫细胞和微生物。本文提供了标准化培养方式、自动形态评估和利用高通量方法进行药物敏感性筛选的前景展望。版权所有©2023作者。由Elsevier B.V.出版。保留所有权利。

Patient-derived organoids (PDO) are a new biomedical research model that can reconstruct phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the original tissue and are useful for research on pathogenesis and drug screening. To introduce the progression in this field, we review the key factors of constructing organoids derived from epithelial tissues and cancers, covering culture medium and matrix, morphological characteristics, genetic profiles, high-throughput drug screening, and application potential. We also discuss the co-culture system of cancer organoids with tumor microenvironment (TME) associated cells. The co-culture system is widely used in evaluating crosstalk of cancer cells with TME components, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and microorganisms. The article provides a prospective for standardized cultivation mode, automatic morphological evaluation, and drug sensitivity screening using high-throughput methods.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.