新抗原是由突变基因产生的蛋白质，只在癌细胞中表达。它是治疗肿瘤疫苗的理想靶点。尽管合成长肽（SLP）基础的新抗原疫苗、基于DNA的新抗原疫苗和基于mRNA的新抗原疫苗都处于开发阶段，但它们都具有一些固有的缺点。因此，研究人员把注意力转向一种新型的“非编码RNA（ncRNA）”，环状RNA（circRNA），作为可能更好的选择。由于其独特的高稳定性和蛋白质编码能力，circRNA是新抗原疫苗领域的一个有前途的靶点。本文回顾了circRNA编码新抗原的可行性，总结了构建过程，解释了体外circRNA疫苗的机制，并讨论了circRNA疫苗的优缺点和可能与其他免疫疗法结合的问题。版权所有 ©2023 Elsevier B.V.

Neoantigen is a protein produced by mutant gene, which is only expressed in tumor cells. It is an ideal target for therapeutic tumor vaccines. Although synthetic long peptide (SLP)-based neoantigen vaccine, DNA-based neoantigen vaccine, and mRNA-based neoantigen vaccine are all in the development stage, they have some inherent shortcomings. Therefore, researchers turned their attention to a new type of "non-coding RNA (ncRNA)", circular RNA (circRNA), for potential better choice. Because of its unique high stability and protein-coding capacity, circRNA is a promising target in the field of neoantigen vaccine. In this paper, we reviewed the feasibility of circRNA encoding neoantigens, summarized the construction process, explained the mechanism of circRNA vaccine in vitro, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of circRNA vaccine and possible combination with other immunotherapies.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.