白血病是由B和T系的造血干细胞无节制增殖引起的恶性肿瘤，导致造血系统的破坏。传统的白血病治疗方法会引起严重的毒性和一系列不良副作用，这是反癌药物缺乏特异性导致的。近年来，纳米技术在白血病诊断和治疗方面已经展现了巨大的应用和临床影响。针对寻找新的纳米技术平台的大量研究，氧化铁纳米颗粒已经越来越受白血病患者的关注。本文先简要介绍了白血病，然后评估了氧化铁纳米颗粒在白血病检测和治疗中的当前方法。讨论了氧化铁纳米颗粒在白血病方面的巨大优势，其中包括磁共振成像（MRI）作为高效的对比剂、磁生物传感器和通过涂覆不同的靶向基团以实现靶向输送抗白血病药物。此外，本文还将简要描述氧化铁纳米颗粒在联合白血病治疗中的应用。最后，将着重讨论目前氧化铁纳米颗粒在白血病诊断和治疗方面的局限性。版权所有© 2023 Wang，Yang，Zheng，Shi，Zhong，Duan和Zhu。

Leukemia is a malignancy initiated by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell from the B and T lineages, resulting in destruction of hematopoietic system. The conventional leukemia treatments induce severe toxic and a long series of unwanted side-effects which are caused by lack of specificity of anti-leukemic drugs. Recently, nanotechnology have shown tremendous application and clinical impact with respect to diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. According to considerable researches in the context of finding new nanotechnological platform, iron oxide nanoparticles have been gained increasing attention for the leukemia patients use. In this review, a short introduction of leukemia is described followed by the evaluation of the current approaches of iron oxide nanoparticles applied in the leukemia detection and treatment. The enormous advantages of iron oxide nanoparticles for leukemia have been discussed, which consist of the detection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as efficient contrast agents, magnetic biosensors and targeted delivery of anti-leukemia drugs by coating different targeting moieties. In addition, this paper will briefly describe the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the combined treatment of leukemia. Finally, the shortcomings of the current applications of iron-based nanoparticles in leukemia diagnosis and treatment will be discussed in particular.Copyright © 2023 Wang, Yang, Zheng, Shi, Zhong, Duan and Zhu.