由于细胞外小囊泡（EVs）在细胞间信号传递中的（病理学）生理作用，特别是在远程器官之间的通信中，引起越来越多的关注。最近的研究强调了脂肪组织（AT）和肺之间通过（免疫）调节EVs在疾病中的联系，例如与肥胖相关的哮喘和肺癌相关的恶病质。虽然肺癌来源的EVs在体内诱导脂解和肌纤维萎缩，但也报告了相反方向的致病效应，包括脂肪组织来源的EVs参与癌症促进反应和潜在的哮喘发展。相比之下，大多数关于脂肪组织来源EVs的研究表明其在哮喘性肺的保护性质。有益的效果特别是由富集自脂肪组织来源的间充质干/基质细胞（AT-MSCs）EVs在体外、卵清蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘小鼠模型中诱导抗炎通路而传达，因此在可能的未来治疗应用中会产生有趣的主题。同样，AT-MSC来源的EVs也对其他几种肺部异常，如不同类型的肺损伤或慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关的病理变化产生了有益的效果。这些矛盾的发现凸显了需要广泛研究以扩大对疾病发展和器官之间相互连接性中EVs的理解。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) gain increasing attention due to their (patho-)physiological role in intercellular signaling, specifically in the communication between distant organs. Recent studies highlight a connection between the adipose tissue (AT) and the lung via (immuno-)modulatory EVs in disorders, such as obesity-associated asthma and lung cancer-associated cachexia. While lung cancer-derived EVs induce lipolysis and myotube atrophy in vivo, pathogenic effects were also reported in the opposite direction with involvement of adipose tissue-derived EVs in cancer-promoting responses and potentially in asthma development. In contrast, the majority of studies on adipose tissue-derived EVs demonstrate a protective nature on the asthmatic lung. Beneficial effects, such as induction of anti-inflammatory pathways in vitro and in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse models, were particularly conveyed by EVs enriched from AT-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (AT-MSCs), which therefore pose an interesting subject in possible future therapeutic applications. Likewise, AT-MSC-derived EVs exerted beneficial effects in several other pulmonary abnormalities, such as different types of lung injury or pathological changes related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These contradictory findings highlight the need of extensive research to widen the understanding of EVs in the development of diseases and interconnectivity between organs.