恶性肿瘤是对人类健康的严重威胁。传统的化疗虽然取得了突破性进展，但也有明显的不良影响，如药物耐受性的发展、免疫抑制和甚至系统毒性。光热治疗（PTT）是一种新兴的癌症治疗方法。在光照射下，光疗剂将光能转化为热能，诱导靶细胞的高热死亡。迄今为止，已经开发出了许多光热剂。普鲁士蓝（PB）纳米粒子是其中最具前途的光热剂之一，由于其优异的物化性能，包括光声和磁共振成像特性、光热转化性能和酶样活性。通过构建适当设计的基于PB的纳米治疗剂，可以有效和可行地实现增强的光热性能、靶向能力、多模式治疗和成像引导癌症治疗。本综述全面总结了PB基于光热联合治疗和成像引导癌症治疗的最新进展。最后，讨论了未来研究和临床转化的潜在障碍。

Malignant tumours are a serious threat to human health. Traditional chemotherapy has achieved breakthrough improvements but also has significant detrimental effects, such as the development of drug resistance, immunosuppression, and even systemic toxicity. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging cancer therapy. Under light irradiation, the phototherapeutic agent converts optical energy into thermal energy and induces the hyperthermic death of target cells. To date, numerous photothermal agents have been developed. Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles are among the most promising photothermal agents due to their excellent physicochemical properties, including photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging properties, photothermal conversion performance, and enzyme-like activity. By the construction of suitably designed PB-based nanotherapeutics, enhanced photothermal performance, targeting ability, multimodal therapy, and imaging-guided cancer therapy can be effectively and feasibly achieved. In this review, the recent advances in PB-based photothermal combinatorial therapy and imaging-guided cancer therapy are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the potential obstacles of future research and clinical translation are discussed.