需要更多证据证实目前有关在治疗良性疾病的子宫切除手术期间切除卵巢的建议。比较患有良性疾病并在子宫切除手术期间患有或未患有双侧输卵管卵巢切除术（BSO）的女性的长期结果。使用来自基于人群的队列的数据来模拟目标试验。1977年至2017年在丹麦的20岁或更年长的女性。共有142 985名因良性疾病而接受子宫切除手术的女性，其中22 974名患有BSO，120 011名未患有BSO。良性子宫切除术患者，有无BSO。主要结局包括截至2018年12月的总体心血管疾病（CVD）住院率，总体癌症发生率和全因死亡率。与未患有BSO的女性相比，在手术时年龄小于45岁的患有BSO的女性具有更高的10年累积CVD住院风险（风险差[RD]1.19个百分点[95％CI，0.09到2.43个百分点]）。45至54岁（RD，0.73个百分点[CI，0.05到1.38个百分点]），55至64岁（RD，1.92个百分点[CI，0.69到3.25个百分点]）和65岁及以上年龄组的患有BSO的女性具有更高的10年癌症累积风险[RD，2.54个百分点[CI，0.91到4.25个百分点]。BSO的妇女在所有年龄组的10年死亡率较高，尽管差异仅在45至54岁的年龄组中具有统计学意义（RD，0.79个百分点[CI，0.27到1.30个百分点]）。 65岁或以上年龄组的女性20年的死亡率与10年的死亡率不一致。年龄是更年期状态的代理。作者发现这些结果支持目前的建议，在没有卵巢癌高风险的绝经前妇女中保护卵巢，并建议在绝经后妇女中采取谨慎的方法。丹麦癌症协会的科学委员会和美人鱼项目支持此项研究。

More evidence is needed to substantiate current recommendations about removing ovaries during hysterectomy for benign conditions.To compare long-term outcomes in women with and without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) during hysterectomy for benign conditions.Emulated target trial using data from a population-based cohort.Women in Denmark aged 20 years or older during 1977 to 2017.142 985 women with hysterectomy for a benign condition, 22 974 with BSO and 120 011 without.Benign hysterectomy with or without BSO.The primary outcomes were overall hospitalization for cardiovascular disease (CVD), overall cancer incidence, and all-cause mortality through December 2018.Compared with women without BSO, women with BSO who were younger than 45 years at surgery had a higher 10-year cumulative risk for hospitalization for CVD (risk difference [RD], 1.19 percentage points [95% CI, 0.09 to 2.43 percentage points]). Women with BSO had a higher 10-year cumulative risk for cancer for ages 45 to 54 years (RD, 0.73 percentage point [CI, 0.05 to 1.38 percentage points]), 55 to 64 years (RD, 1.92 percentage points [CI, 0.69 to 3.25 percentage points]), and 65 years or older (RD, 2.54 percentage points [CI, 0.91 to 4.25 percentage points]). Women with BSO had higher 10-year mortality in all age groups, although the differences were statistically significant only for ages 45 to 54 years (RD, 0.79 percentage point [CI, 0.27 to 1.30 percentage points]). The mortality at 20 years was inconsistent with that at 10 years in women aged 65 years or older.Age was a proxy for menopausal status.The authors find that these results support current recommendations for conserving ovaries in premenopausal women without a high risk for ovarian cancer and suggest a cautious approach in postmenopausal women.The Danish Cancer Society's Scientific Committee and the Mermaid Project.