水溶性共轭聚合物纳米粒子(CPNs)在生物应用中展示出很强的能力，如体外细胞/亚细胞成像和生物传感，或体内组织成像和疾病治疗。在本综述中，我们总结了过去五年来CPNs在肿瘤成像和治疗中的最新进展。讨论了具有不同结构的CPNs，在体内实体肿瘤成像（荧光，光声和双模态）和治疗（光疗，药物载体和协同治疗）方面的详细信息。我们还展示了CPN作为癌症治疗和诊断纳米平台的潜力。最后，我们讨论了该领域的当前挑战和展望。

Water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have demonstrated great capabilities in biological applications, such as in vitro cell/subcellular imaging and biosensing, or in vivo tissue imaging and disease treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent advances of CPNs used for tumor imaging and treatment during the past five years. CPNs with different structures, which have been applied to in vivo solid tumor imaging (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and dual-modal) and treatment (phototherapy, drug carriers, and synergistic therapy), are discussed in detail. We also demonstrated the potential of CPNs as cancer theranostic nanoplatforms. Finally, we discussed current challenges and outlooks in this field.