微小囊泡是细胞膜囊泡，大小限制在30-1000纳米。几乎所有细胞在受到激活信号和凋亡时都会释放它们。它们在细胞间通信和增强信息交换能力方面的能力引起了极大的兴趣。它们的内容受到母细胞内容的影响，这可以帮助确定它们的来源。此外，这些粒子可以通过向目标细胞转移一组分子并通过转移DNA和RNA改变细胞的表观遗传学来改变目标细胞的生理特性。这些变化可以在母细胞附近和远离母细胞的细胞中诱导。这些微小囊泡在生理和病理条件下的重要活动已经被证实。因此，我们回顾了这些微小的粒子元素、它们的内容和合成方式。最后，我们讨论了它们目前已知的角色，以揭示它们在白血病中更多的潜在应用。© 2023. 作者，独家许可Springer Science+Business Media，LLC，Springer Nature的一部分。

Microvesicles are cellular membrane vesicles of which size is limited to 30-1000 nm. Almost all cells release them in response to activation signals and apoptosis. Their ability for intercellular communication and enhancement of potential for information exchange (between them) has attracted much interest. Their content is affected by the content of the mother cell, which can help identify their origin. Furthermore, these particles can change the physiology of the target cells by transferring a set of molecules to them and changing the epigenetics of the cells by transferring DNA and RNA. These changes can be induced in cells close to the mother and distant cells. Significant activities of these microvesicles are known both in physiological and pathologic conditions. In this regard, we have reviewed these small particle elements, their contents, and the way of synthesis. Finally, we discussed their current known roles to reveal more potential applications in leukemia.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.