作为“星型分子”，一氧化氮（NO）根据其浓度促进或抑制许多生理过程。治疗性气体分子的原位生成和监测一直是许多研究人员努力解决的问题，因为气体分子运动的随机性质。目前使用短肽作为NO存储系统的研究还比较少，同时在现场实时成像长时间监测NO释放方面仍存在挑战。本文制备了一种形态可变的NO释放、诊断和治疗综合多功能纳米平台。新型NO激活探针（DPBTD）在第一近红外（NIR-I）区域发射，被封装到疏水性Ac-KLVFFAL-NH2肽衍生物的亲水区域中作为NO释放的生物传感器。人工合成的有机硝酸酯作为NO供体，使肽支架具有可控的NO释放能力。有趣的是，在尖端超声作用下，纳米平台的形态可以从一维纳米线转变为二维纳米片，从而提高了细胞的吞噬作用。最终，这种纳米载体被用于对4T1肿瘤小鼠的肿瘤组织进行刺激响应的NO释放、实时成像和治疗。这种策略扩展了基于肽的纳米材料的应用潜力，并为气体介导的癌症治疗的进展监测提供了思路。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V.。

As a "star molecule", nitric oxide (NO) either promotes or inhibits many physiological processes depending on its concentration. The in situ generation and monitoring of therapeutic gas molecules has been a problem that many researchers have been working to address due to the stochastic nature of gas molecule movement. There are still relatively few studies using short peptides as NO storage systems, and there are still challenges in monitoring NO release in situ with real-time imaging over long periods of time. In this work, a morphologically transformable NO release, diagnosis and treatment integrated multifunctional nanoplatform was fabricated. A new NO-activated probe (DPBTD) with emission in the first near infrared (NIR-I) region was encapsulated into the hydrophobic domains of Ac-KLVFFAL-NH2 peptide derivatives as a biosensor for NO release. Peptide scaffolds were endowed with the capacity of controlled NO release by the introduction of NO donor (organic nitrates). Interestingly, morphology of the nanoplatform could be transformed from one-dimensional (1D) nanowires to two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets via nanorods transition state under tip sonication, which was allowed for better cell uptake. Eventually, this nanocarrier was used for stimuli-responsive NO release, real-time imaging and treatment in tumor tissues of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. This strategy expands the application potential of peptide-based nanomaterials and provides ideas for monitoring the progress of gas-mediated cancer therapy.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.