抗肿瘤药物的即时超敏反应（IHRs）经常发生，每名肿瘤学家都会在临床实践中的某个时点遇到这些反应。IHRs的临床特征可以轻微到危及生命，其发生可以严重妨碍癌症患者的治疗过程。然而，特别是从肿瘤学的角度来看，诊断和管理方面的明确指南很少。因此，在这里，我们回顾了化疗药物和单克隆抗体引起的IHRs的定义、病理生理学、流行病学、诊断和管理。首先，我们着重定义了包括IHRs的具体实体，并讨论了它们的潜在机制。然后，我们总结了造成IHRs最常见的抗肿瘤药物即铂类化合物、紫杉醇和单克隆抗体（mAbs）的流行病学。接下来，我们描述了可能的临床表现和全面的诊断工作，以确定罪犯并为未来提供安全的替代方案。最后，我们回顾了急性阶段和恢复后的治疗选择，旨在改善癌症患者的肿瘤医疗护理。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd.。保留所有权利。

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) to antineoplastic agents occur frequently, and every oncologist will encounter these reactions in their clinical practice at some point. The clinical signature of IHRs can range from mild to life-threatening, and their occurrence can substantially impede the treatment course of patients with cancer. Yet, clear guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management are scarce, especially from an oncologic point of view. Therefore, herein, we review the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of IHRs to chemotherapeutic agents and monoclonal antibodies. First, we focus on defining the specific entities that comprise IHRs and discuss their underlying mechanisms. Then, we summarize the epidemiology for the antineoplastic agents that represent the most common causes of IHRs, i.e., platinum compounds, taxanes and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Next, we describe the possible clinical pictures and the comprehensive diagnostic work-up that should be executed to identify the culprit and safe alternatives for the future. Finally, we finish with reviewing the treatment options in both the acute phase and after recovery, with the aim to improve the oncologic care of patients with cancer.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.