传统树突状细胞在肿瘤和病原体的生理交叉表现免疫应答中起着至关重要的作用是被广泛证明和毫无疑问的。然而，有大量证据表明，其他许多细胞类型也可以获得交叉表达的能力，这些细胞类型不仅包括其他髓系细胞如浆细胞样树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞，还包括淋巴细胞、内皮细胞、上皮细胞和基质细胞，包括成纤维细胞。本综述的目的是提供一个概述有关文献，分析引用的每一份报告中使用的抗原和读取以及涉及生理相关的机械洞察和体内实验。正如分析所显示的，许多报告依赖于转基因T细胞受体对卵清蛋白肽的异常敏感识别，因此其结果并不总能推广到生理环境。在大多数情况下，机械洞察研究仍然是基础性的，但揭示了许多细胞类型中胞浆途径是主导的，而在巨噬细胞中遇到的空泡处理则是最常见的。严格评估生理相关性的研究仍然是例外，但表明非树突状细胞的交叉表达可能在抗肿瘤免疫和自身免疫方面有显着影响。版权所有 ©2023 Elsevier Ltd.

The critical role of conventional dendritic cells in physiological cross-priming of immune responses to tumors and pathogens is widely documented and beyond doubt. However, there is ample evidence that a wide range of other cell types can also acquire the capacity to cross-present. These include not only other myeloid cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils, but also lymphoid populations, endothelial and epithelial cells and stromal cells including fibroblasts. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relevant literature that analyzes each report cited for the antigens and readouts used, mechanistic insight and in vivo experimentation addressing physiological relevance. As this analysis shows, many reports rely on the exceptionally sensitive recognition of an ovalbumin peptide by a transgenic T cell receptor, with results that therefore cannot always be extrapolated to physiological settings. Mechanistic studies remain basic in most cases but reveal that the cytosolic pathway is dominant across many cell types, while vacuolar processing is most encountered in macrophages. Studies addressing physiological relevance rigorously remain exceptional but suggest that cross-presentation by non-dendritic cells may have significant impact in anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.