乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。肿瘤微环境（TME）在BC的进展和转移中发挥着至关重要的作用。相当大一部分的BC表现为缺氧的TME，这有助于药物耐受性和癌症复发的发展。罂粟植物中发现的异喹啉生物碱曲红花碱（SAN）展现出作为抗癌药物的前景。本文回顾了缺氧TME在BC中的分子机制以及SAN作为治疗选项的潜力。回顾了 hypoxic TME的当前理解、其信号通路以及其对BC进展的影响。此外，本文还详细说明了SAN在BC中的作用机制，包括其对细胞增殖、迁移、药物耐药和肿瘤引起的免疫抑制等关键细胞过程的影响。本文强调了解决缺氧TME问题在治疗BC中的重要性以及SAN作为有前景的治疗选项的潜力。 © 2023 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of BC. A significant proportion of BC is characterized by a hypoxic TME, which contributes to the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Sanguinarine (SAN), an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Papaver plants, has shown promise as an anticancer agent. The present review focuses on exploring the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic TME in BC and the potential of SAN as a therapeutic option. The review presents the current understanding of the hypoxic TME, its signaling pathways, and its impact on the progression of BC. Additionally, the review elaborates on the mechanisms of action of SAN in BC, including its effects on vital cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, drug resistance, and tumor-induced immune suppression. The review highlights the importance of addressing hypoxic TME in treating BC and the potential of SAN as a promising therapeutic option.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.