通过针对肠道微生物群的膳食干预，有关修正肠道微生物群并潜在增强抗癌免疫力的的膳食干预是改善免疫治疗响应以及癌症幸存率的关键机会。发酵食品是一种有前途的膳食干预措施，它可以改变肠道微生物群的组成，从而提高人体免疫力。本文综述了与肠道微生物群与免疫疗法及其他癌症治疗响应有关的文献状况，利用发酵食品膳食干预改善癌症治疗结果的临床潜在应用，以及现有文献中关于向癌症患者或癌症幸存者实施发酵食物干预的资料空白。该综述把不同学科的令人信服的原理融合起来，为未来的发酵食品膳食干预研究提供了路线图，旨在调节肠道微生物群以减轻癌症负担。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

There is a critical opportunity to improve response to immunotherapies and overall cancer survivorship via dietary interventions targeted to modify the gut microbiome, and in turn, potentially enhance anti-cancer immunity. A promising dietary intervention is fermented foods, which may alter gut microbiome composition and, in turn, improve immunity. In this article, we summarize the state of the literature pertaining to the gut microbiome and response to immunotherapy and other cancer treatments, potential clinical implications of utilizing a fermented foods dietary approach to improve cancer treatment outcomes, and existing gaps in the literature regarding the implementation of fermented food interventions among individuals with cancer or with a history of cancer. This review synthesizes a compelling rationale across different disciplines to lay a roadmap for future fermented food dietary intervention research aimed at modulating the gut microbiome to reduce cancer burden.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.