对于黑色素瘤而言，传统的治疗方法被证明具有限制和/或无效性，尤其是在改善患者生存率和肿瘤复发方面。在这方面，免疫治疗已被证明是一种有前途的替代疗法，通过调节免疫系统效应机制涉及的细胞信号通路，特别是所谓的“免疫检查点”，增强抗肿瘤反应。近几十年来，关于免疫治疗方案的疗效和安全性的临床研究显著增加，结果非常鼓舞人心。因此，本综述将讨论目前用于治疗黑色素瘤的免疫治疗方案，以及所涉及的分子和细胞机制。此外，还将讨论目前研究免疫治疗在黑色素瘤中使用、疗效和不良事件的临床研究。版权所有©2023 Elsevier B.V.

Traditional therapeutic approaches for malignant melanoma, have proved to be limited and/or ineffective, especially with respect to their role in improving patient survival and tumor recurrence. In this regard, immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic alternative, boosting antitumor responses through the modulation of cell signaling pathways involved in the effector mechanisms of the immune system, particularly, the so-called "immunological checkpoints". Clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapeutic regimens, alone or in combination with other antitumor approaches, have increased dramatically in recent decades, with very encouraging results. Hence, this review will discuss the current immunotherapeutic regimens used to treat malignant melanoma, as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. In addition, current clinical studies that have investigated the use, efficacy, and adverse events of immunotherapy in melanoma will also be discussed.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.