纳米生物技术领域的建设性成就及其转化为临床疗法，已引起越来越多人对其在治疗疾病，尤其是癌症方面的使用的关注。骨肉瘤（OS）是一种影响儿童和青少年的主要骨恶性肿瘤。与其他类型的癌症一样，基因和表观遗传突变是OS进展的原因，并且使用了多种传统疗法，包括化疗和手术。然而，OS患者的生存率仍然很低，该领域的新疗法非常有限。本文综述了纳米结构在骨肉瘤治疗中的应用。通过纳米平台进行的药物和基因输送导致了治疗剂在肿瘤细胞抑制方面的积累。此外，通过纳米结构共同输送基因和药物用于骨肉瘤抑制以增强免疫疗法。由于肿瘤细胞具有酸性pH等特征，因此已经开发出刺激响应性纳米粒子以适当地靶向骨肉瘤。此外，纳米平台还可用于生物传感和提供光疗，以抑制骨肉瘤。此外，使用配体对纳米粒子进行表面修饰可以增加它们对骨肉瘤细胞的特异性和选择性。目前研究的临床转化表明，纳米平台在阻止肿瘤生长和提高骨肉瘤患者生存率方面已经取得了显著的成效。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.。

Constructive achievements in the field of nanobiotechnology and their translation into clinical course have led to increasing attention towards evaluation of their use for treatment of diseases, especially cancer. Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the primary bone malignancies that affects both males and females in childhood and adolescence. Like other types of cancers, genetic and epigenetic mutations account for OS progression and several conventional therapies including chemotherapy and surgery are employed. However, survival rate of OS patients remains low and new therapies in this field are limited. The purpose of the current review is to provide a summary of nanostructures used in OS treatment. Drug and gene delivery by nanoplatforms have resulted in an accumulation of therapeutic agents for tumor cell suppression. Furthermore, co-delivery of genes and drugs by nanostructures are utilized in OS suppression to boost immunotherapy. Since tumor cells have distinct features such as acidic pH, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have been developed to appropriately target OS. Besides, nanoplatforms can be used for biosensing and providing phototherapy to suppress OS. Furthermore, surface modification of nanoparticles with ligands can increase their specificity and selectivity towards OS cells. Clinical translation of current findings suggests that nanoplatforms have been effective in retarding tumor growth and improving survival of OS patients.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.