现今，癌症免疫治疗领域取得了巨大的进展，特别是在免疫检查点抑制剂和细胞免疫治疗等治疗方法的发展方面。由于恶性肿瘤的高异质性和免疫抑制环境，免疫治疗的疗效受到限制。因此，癌症治疗疫苗逐渐成为诱导有效抗肿瘤免疫反应和调节免疫微环境的有力工具。由于其增强的稳定性、靶向能力和高安全性，载载于纳米载体中的肿瘤疫苗成为肿瘤治疗中不可或缺的载药平台。通过独特的设计，癌症纳米疫苗同时激活先天免疫和肿瘤特异性免疫。例如，癌症疫苗的设计可以包括增强肿瘤抗原的稳定性和靶向性、组合有效的佐剂、细胞因子和免疫微环境调节剂以及促进抗原提呈细胞的成熟和交叉呈递。本文综述将讨论纳米疫苗的设计与制备，以重新塑造肿瘤抗原的免疫原性和调节免疫抑制微环境。© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH。

Nowadays, advance progress has been achieved in the field of cancer immunotherapy, particularly with the development of treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. As a result of the high tumor heterogeneity level and immunosuppressive environment of advanced malignant tumors, the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited. Therefore, cancer therapeutic vaccine has gradually become a powerful tool for inducing a valid anti-tumor immune response and regulating the immune microenvironment. The tumor vaccines loaded in nanocarriers have turned into an indispensable delivery platform for tumor treatment because of their enhanced stability, targeting capability and high safety. Via unique design, the cancer nanovaccines activate innate immunity and tumor-specific immunity simultaneously. For example, the design of cancer vaccines can incorporate strategies such as enhancing the stability and targeting of tumor antigens, combining effective adjuvants, cytokines, and immune microenvironment regulators, and promoting the maturation and cross-presentation of the antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this review, we will discuss the design and preparation of nanovaccine to remodeling tumor antigen immunogenicity and regulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment.© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.