基于树突状细胞(DC)的癌症免疫疗法因DC在启动和调节适应性免疫反应中发挥核心作用而展现了显著的临床前景。然而，传统的DC介导的免疫疗法应用受到限制，原因包括抗原传递不足、抗原呈递不充分以及高水平的免疫抑制。为了解决这些挑战，利用工程生物材料增强DC介导的免疫治疗效果已被开发。本文首先介绍了能够增强DC介导的免疫治疗效果的重要主要组成部分。进一步概述了在生物材料的合理设计中考虑的参数，包括靶向修饰、大小、形状、表面和机械性能，这些因素会影响生物材料对DC功能进行优化。此外，还回顾了各种工程生物材料在DC介导的免疫治疗领域的最新应用，包括作为免疫组分传递平台、重塑肿瘤微环境以及协同增强其他抗肿瘤疗法的效果。总的来说，本文全面系统地总结了与促进DC功能相关的生物材料；并特别关注生物材料设计在DC激活方面的最新进展以消除肿瘤。讨论了通过应用生物材料放大DC治疗策略的挑战和机会，旨在激励未来基于DC的癌症免疫疗法的临床转化。© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the application of traditional DC-mediated immunotherapy is limited due to insufficient antigen delivery, inadequate antigen presentation, and high levels of immunosuppression. To address these challenges, engineered biomaterials have been exploited to enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects. In this review, vital principal components that can enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects are first introduced. The parameters considered in the rational design of biomaterials, including targeting modifications, size, shape, surface, and mechanical properties, which can affect biomaterial optimization of DC functions, are further summarized. Moreover, recent applications of various engineered biomaterials in the field of DC-mediated immunotherapy are reviewed, including those serve as immune component delivery platforms, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and synergistically enhance the effects of other antitumor therapies. Overall, the present review comprehensively and systematically summarizes biomaterials related to the promotion of DC functions; and specifically focuses on the recent advances in biomaterial designs for DC activation to eradicate tumors. The challenges and opportunities of treatment strategies designed to amplify DCs via the application of biomaterials are discussed with the aim of inspiring the clinical translation of future DC-mediated cancer immunotherapies.© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.