中国医生广泛开方使用桔梗（Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC.，PG）来治疗古代中国的肺痈。现代临床经验表明，PG在治疗慢性咽喉炎、李斯特菌肺炎、肺尘病、急慢性喉炎等方面起着至关重要的作用。此外，PG是中国、日本和韩国历史悠久的食品。另外，桔梗皂苷D（PLD）是PG中的一种齐墩果型三萜皂苷活性物质之一。研究表明，PLD具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肥胖、抗凝血、杀精、抗肿瘤等活性。而且，影响效果的机制引起了广泛关注，在这些过程中涉及了各种信号通路。此外，PLD的药代动力学和提取过程也在研究中。可以通过与甘草共处方或创建新的剂型来提高PLD的生物利用度。PLD最近被认为具有成为溶剂或免疫佐剂的潜力。同时，还发现PLD具有相关的溶血活性。PLD在临床前研究中具有广泛的应用前景和实用的药理活性。作者认为，PLD的这些活性有助于PG的功效。显然，PLD的临床转化还有很长的路要走。在现代技术的帮助下，PLD的临床应用范围可能从传统应用扩展到新的领域。版权所有 © 2023 Xie, Zhao, Zheng和Li。

Chinese doctors widely prescribed Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC. (PG) to treat lung carbuncles in ancient China. Modern clinical experiences have demonstrated that PG plays a crucial role in treating chronic pharyngitis, plum pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, acute and chronic laryngitis, and so forth. Additionally, PG is a food with a long history in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, Platycodin D (PLD), an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin, is one of the active substances in PG. PLD has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, anticoagulant, spermicidal, anti-tumor etc., activities. And the mechanism of the effects draws lots of attention, with various signaling pathways involved in these processes. Additionally, research on PLD's pharmacokinetics and extraction processes is under study. The bioavailability of PLD could be improved by being prescribed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or by creating a new dosage form. PLD has been recently considered to have the potential to be a solubilizer or an immunologic adjuvant. Meanwhile, PLD was discovered to have hemolytic activity correlated. PLD has broad application prospects and reveals practical pharmacological activities in pre-clinical research. The authors believe that these activities of PLD contribute to the efficacy of PG. What is apparent is that the clinical translation of PLD still has a long way to go. With the help of modern technology, the scope of clinical applications of PLD is probable to be expanded from traditional applications to new fields.Copyright © 2023 Xie, Zhao, Zheng and Li.