单细胞测序已成为生物学领域中最广泛使用的技术之一。它使研究人员能够在细胞水平上跨组织调查整个转录组，为未来的诊断和治疗研究开启了无数潜力。在这里，我们回顾了单细胞RNA测序作为一种突出的单细胞技术在胰腺生物学和癌症领域的影响。我们讨论了过去几年中由于这种技术进步而对胰腺生理和病理的最新发现。使用单细胞RNA测序，研究人员已经能够发现健康细胞类型以及胰腺癌组织中的细胞异质性。我们将讨论在单细胞RNA测序中研究的胰腺癌微环境中新的免疫靶点和新的分子机制。范围不仅限于癌组织，我们还涵盖了最近为胰腺组织实现的新颖的发展、演化、生理和异质性见解。我们涵盖了所有从单细胞RNA测序数据中获取的生物学见解，讨论了对应的优缺点，最后得出结论，说明未来的研究如何通过利用单细胞分析技术更好地研究胰腺生物学。版权所有©2023 Tamaddon、Azimzadeh、Gifani和Tavangar。

Single-cell sequencing has become one of the most used techniques across the wide field of biology. It has enabled researchers to investigate the whole transcriptome at the cellular level across tissues, which unlocks numerous potentials for basic and applied studies in future diagnosis and therapy. Here, we review the impact of single-cell RNA sequencing, as the prominent single-cell technique, in pancreatic biology and cancer. We discuss the most recent findings about pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology owing to this technological advancement in the past few years. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, researchers have been able to discover cellular heterogeneity across healthy cell types, as well as cancer tissues of the pancreas. We will discuss the new immunological targets and new molecular mechanisms of progression in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer studied using single-cell RNA sequencing. The scope is not limited to cancer tissues, and we cover novel developmental, evolutionary, physiological, and heterogenic insights that have also been achieved recently for pancreatic tissues. We cover all biological insights derived from the single-cell RNA sequencing data, discuss the corresponding pros and cons, and finally, conclude how future research can move better by utilizing single-cell analysis for pancreatic biology.Copyright © 2023 Tamaddon, Azimzadeh, Gifani and Tavangar.