无序肽激发液-液相分离（LLPS），在无膜细胞器中编码细胞功能以应对环境刺激。相分离肽（PSPs）的工程设计为生物成像，疫苗传递和疾病治疗诊断提供了巨大的希望。然而，重组PSP缺乏鲁棒的发光体或适当的细胞渗透性，这是细胞内应用所需的。本文中，我们通过共价连接四苯乙烯（TPE）聚集诱导发光发光体（AIEgens）到（RRASL）n（n = 1,2,3）串联肽重复来合成基于肽的RNA传感器。有趣的是，TPE光发光体的结合促进了肽重复的液-液相分离，与未标记，不含TPE的对应物相比，TPE-(RRASL)n的最小共聚浓度（MCC）降低了一个数量级。此外，随着RNA浓度的增加，TPE-(RRASL)n的发光强度增强了多达700倍，这归因于蛋白质/ RNA共聚物内的TPE基团旋转受限而形成液滴相。此外，在高于MCC的浓度下，TPE-(RRASL)n可以有效地穿透人类胆囊癌细胞（SGC-996），转位到细胞核，并与细胞内RNA共定位。这些观察结果表明，AIEgen偶联的PSP可以通过共聚诱导发光的机制用于基于液滴的细胞内RNA成像生物传感器。

Intrinsically disordered peptides drive dynamic liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in membraneless organelles and encode cellular functions in response to environmental stimuli. Engineering design on phase-separating peptides (PSPs) holds great promise for bioimaging, vaccine delivery, and disease theranostics. However, recombinant PSPs are devoid of robust luminogen or suitable cell permeability required for intracellular applications. Here, we synthesize a peptide-based RNA sensor by covalently connecting tetraphenylethylene (TPE), an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgens), to tandem peptide repeats of (RRASL)n (n = 1, 2, 3). Interestingly, the conjugation of TPE luminogen promotes liquid-liquid phase separation of the peptide repeats, and the minimum coacervation concentration (MCC) of TPE-(RRASL)n is decreased by an order of magnitude, compared to that of the untagged, TPE-free counterparts. Moreover, the luminescence of TPE-(RRASL)n is enhanced by up to 700-fold with increasing RNA concentration, which is attributed to the constricted rotation of the TPE moiety as a result of peptide/RNA coacervates within the droplet phase. Besides, at concentrations above MCC, TPE-(RRASL)n can efficiently penetrate through human gallbladder carcinoma cells (SGC-996), translocate into the cell nucleus, and colocalize with intracellular RNA. These observations suggest that AIEgen-conjugated PSPs can be used as droplet-based biosensors for intracellular RNA imaging through a regime of coacervation-induced emission.