研究在全球、地区和国家水平上，2008至2018年间BZD和Z药在67个国家和地区的消费趋势。这项横断面描述性研究通过分析IQVIA-跨国集成数据分析系统数据库中的全球制药销售数据，调查了2008年至2018年间BZD和Z药的消费情况。使用每日定义剂量/每千居民每天（DDD/TID）来测量消费。使用线性混合模型估计全球、地区和国家的趋势。通过将国家按收入水平分组进行了额外的分析。在单变量线性模型中探讨了消费与国内生产总值（GDP）和不同医疗情况的患病率之间的关系。BZD消费年降低率为-1.88%（95% CI：-2.27%，-1.48%），而Z药的消费增长了+3.28%（+2.55%，+4.01%）。2008年，消费BZD和Z药的前十个国家都位于欧洲，DDD/TID范围在63.69至128.24之间。俄罗斯、科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国、沙特阿拉伯、法属西非和菲律宾的消费水平非常低，DDD/TID＜1。高收入国家的消费量远高于中等收入国家。结果显示，BZD和Z药消费增加与GDP提高以及焦虑、自残、神经疾病、慢性呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病和癌症患病率增加相关（P＜0.05）。不同国家和地区BZD和Z药消费和趋势存在明显差异。需要进一步探索BZD和Z药在合并症患者中的使用关联和安全性。© 2023作者。由牛津大学出版社代表睡眠研究学会出版。保留所有权利。有关权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

To investigate the trends in the consumption of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs at global, regional, and national levels from 2008 to 2018, across 67 countries and regions.This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the consumption of BZDs and Z-drugs analysed by global pharmaceutical sales data from the IQVIA-Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System database between 2008 and 2018. Consumption was measured in defined daily dose per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). The global, regional, and national trends were estimated using linear mixed models. Additional analyses were conducted by grouping countries by income levels. The association between consumption and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the prevalence of different medical conditions was explored in univariable linear models.BZD consumption decreased annually by -1.88% (95% CI: -2.27%, -1.48%), and Z-drugs increased by +3.28% (+2.55%, +4.01%). In 2008, the top ten countries for BZD and Z-drug consumption were all European, ranging from 63.69 to 128.24 DDD/TID. Very low levels were found in Russia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, French West Africa, and the Philippines, with DDD/TID <1. The consumption in high-income countries was much higher than in middle-income countries. The results showed that increased consumption of BZDs and Z-drugs was statistically associated (P<0.05) with higher GDP and increased prevalence of anxiety, self-harm, neurological disorders, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers.Distinct differences in consumption and trends of BZDs and Z-drugs were found across different countries and regions. Further exploration is needed to understand the association and safety of the use of BZDs and Z-drugs in patients with comorbidities.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.