肾上腺囊肿是罕见的病变，约占副肾上腺肿瘤的1-2%。这些罕见的病变大多数是良性的。偶尔情况下，嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺恶性肿块可以呈囊性病变出现，有时很难与良性囊肿区分。在组织学上，肾上腺囊肿分为假囊肿、内皮囊肿、上皮囊肿和寄生囊肿。肾上腺囊肿的影像学表现通常类似于肾脏囊肿。因此，它们一般被清晰地圆形定界，有薄壁和均质内部结构，CT值低（<20 Hounsfield Units），在 T1加权磁共振成像中低信号，在 T2加权磁共振成像中高信号，并且在超声检查中为无回声或低回声。良性肾上腺囊肿在女性中稍微更为普遍，通常在40至60岁之间诊断。大多数肾上腺囊肿是无症状的，是偶然发现的，虽然非常大的肾上腺囊肿可能会导致肿瘤效应症状，需要手术缓解症状。因此，通常建议对无症状囊肿采取保守治疗。然而，当对囊肿良性性质存疑时，需要进行额外的检查或随访。肾上腺囊肿的处理最好在肾上腺多学科团队会议上讨论。© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.

Adrenal cysts are rare lesions representing approximately 1-2% of adrenal incidentalomas. The majority of these rare lesions are benign. Rarely, phaeochromocytomas and adrenal malignant masses can present as cystic lesions and can occasionally be difficult to distinguish from benign cysts. Histologically, adrenal cysts are subdivided into pseudocysts, endothelial cysts, epithelial cysts and parasitic cysts. The radiological appearance of an adrenal cyst is generally similar to that of cysts in the kidney. They are thus well demarcated, usually rounded, with a thin wall and homogenous internal structure, low attenuating (<20 Hounsfield Units) on CT, low signalling on T1-weighted MRI sequences and high signalling on T2-weighted MRI sequences, and anechoic or hypoechoic on ultrasonography. Benign adrenal cysts have a slight female predominance and are usually diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 60. Most adrenal cysts are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally, although very large adrenal cysts can lead to mass effect symptoms, with surgery required to alleviate the symptoms. Thus, conservative management is usually recommended for asymptomatic cysts. However, when uncertainty exists regarding the benign nature of the cyst, additional work-up or follow-up is needed. The management of an adrenal cyst should preferably be discussed at an adrenal multidisciplinary team meeting.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.